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This paper presents findings from a case study conducted as part of the EU project, BYTE – 'The Big data roadmap and cross‐disciplinarY community for addressing socieTal Externalities'. The article seeks to outline the role of big data in the different stages of crisis management and the organizational and societal benefits associated with engagement with this data. This article supports findings from other studies in that big data is able to significantly contribute to crisis response efforts. Big data can support organizations in their efforts to be better informed as data are able to significantly contribute to situational awareness, which can in turn inform decision‐making, such as resource allocation. In addition, this study has demonstrated that big data is also able to positively inform preparation and precrisis efforts. However, at present, little is known about the contribution of big data to recovery efforts; demonstrating the need for further research in this area. As such, big data does appear to provide a number of positive benefits to organizations, benefits of which can then subsequently positively impact society.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of acronyms -- 1. Introduction -- RECODE -- The book -- 2. Defining a 'knowledge society' -- Introduction -- Data in society -- Society as a social and human product: Learning, knowledge and institutions -- Science as an institution: Knowledge production and society -- Post-industrial society: Positioning knowledge in the wider socio-economic process -- Information society and the knowledge economy -- Defining a knowledge society and changes towards Mode 2 knowledge production -- Conclusion -- 3. Visions of open data -- Introduction -- Civil society and open data -- Open government data -- Open research data -- Commercial sector and big data -- Provenance of data and data ecosystems -- Conclusion -- 4. Mobilising open data -- Introduction -- Summary of the overarching context of a movement pushing for open data -- Understanding the mobilisation of open data as a movement -- Openness as a value: Society, science and the World Wide Web (WWW) -- The configuration of an open data movement: The characteristics of social movements and actors in mobilising open data -- Open data in wider society: Citizens and organisations access and use of data -- Conclusion -- 5. Institutions in the data ecosystem -- Actors in the public knowledge domain and in private data companies -- Introduction -- Institutions and their changing role in data ecosystems -- Challenges -- Conclusion -- 6. Mobilising data -- Scientific disciplines, scientific practice and making research data open -- Introduction -- The policy drive towards open research data -- Disciplinary negotiations around implementing open access to research data -- Current research practices and their alignment with open access -- Data-centred research -- Data work and recognition -- Contemporary research and data complexity -- Conclusion: Mobilising data.

This book considers the role of the open data movement in fostering transformation toward a 'knowledge society'.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present document is the first version of the deliverable "Report on the political, social and industrial opportunities arising from the use of emerging technologies" (D3.21) of the COSMIC Support Action. The purpose is to look into the political, social and industrial implications of the use of emerging technologies in crisis situations, in relation to existing policies and standards for the development and use of such technologies, as well as to highlight the opportunities which may arise for industrial stakeholders and the general public. We also address the inherent challenges and limitations posed by privacy and security issues, in the context of mass utilisation of emerging technologies and information gathering/sharing. On the policy front, we present applicable measures and current EU legislation such as the Directive on data protection and the "Telecommunications Package". Proposed reforms in existing legislation in areas such as data protection and the role of the Universal Provider in telecommunication services are presented from the point of view of their effects on crisisladen social networks services. In a similar fashion, we examine EU policy directions on emerging issues such as the openness of the Internet and the freedom of citizens to access and run applications and content. With regard to standardisation we identify challenges such as the underlying telecommunications technologies, the presentation layer of social media, the data involved and the means of interacting with social media services. For the latter, we draw attention to the complex interplay between market leaders and their competitors and correspondingly between proprietary and open standards. Moving on to the subject of privacy and security, we identify and discuss the various privacy-related issues for stakeholders to consider, including transparency, legitimate purpose, data protection, anonymity and the impact of data collection on surveillance. In addition, we consider the various challenges surrounding ...

This document, the ResiStand contact list gap analysis results year 2 (D7.2) presents the findings of a second analysis of the contacts that are recognized as having engaged with ResiStand, whether they have registered to one of the projects three Stakeholder Communities (i.e., the Standards AdvisoryGroup, End-User Community, or Supplier Community) or have connected with the project on Twitter or LinkedIn. A year 2 analysis of the Stakeholder Community members, LinkedIn Connections, and Twitter Followers in terms of 1) the countries they represent, 2) the types of organisation represented, and 3) their gender was undertaken and the findings are presented in this deliverable. Additionally,the deliverable includes strategy documents developed by the respective manager of each community, which provides information on; 1) the aim and position of the community, 2) its relevant stakeholders, and 3) the approach adopted to involve the community in the ResiStand project. Between January and May 2017, the Standards Advisory Group (SAG) has increased by 3 members and is now comprised of 19 members, who represent 10 countries. The SAG is well balanced with members from European/National Standards bodies (26%), governmental organisations (37%), research/academia (16%), Industry/SMEs (16%) and a Non-Governmental Organisation (5%). The SAG is the only Stakeholder Community that has a slightly higher percentage of female stakeholders, with 53% of the SAG being female. The End-User Community (E-UC) grew by 77% between January and May 2017, increasing from 47 to 83 registered members. The End-User Community (E-UC) continues to represent 20 countries, however, there has been a growth in the number of contacts representing 12 countries. As in January 2017, just under half (47%) of the E-UC members represent governmental organisations. In line with the emergency management field, 86% of the E-UC is male, increasing by 1% since January 2017. Between January and May 2017, the Supplier Community (SUC) grew by 43%, increasing from 54 registered members to 77. In addition, the number of countries represented by the SUC increased from 19 to 21 and the registered members of nine countries increased. Industry/SMEs (62%) andResearch/Academia (31%) continue to be the most represented organisation types. As in January 2017, 74% of the SUC are male.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present document is the final version of the deliverable "Report on the political, social and industrial opportunities arising from the use of emerging technologies" of the COSMIC Support Action. The purpose is to look into the political, social and industrial implications of the use of emerging technologies in crisis situations, in relation to existing policies and standards for the development and use of such technologies, as well as to highlight the opportunities which may arise for industrial stakeholders and the general public. We also address the inherent challenges and limitations posed by privacy and security issues, in the context of mass utilisation of emerging technologies and information gathering/sharing. On the policy front, we present applicable measures and current EU legislation such as the Directive on data protection and the "Telecommunications Package". Proposed reforms in existing legislation in areas such as data protection and the role of the Universal Provider in telecommunication services are presented from the point of view of their effects on crisisladen social networks services. In a similar fashion, we examine EU policy directions on emerging issues such as the openness of the Internet and the freedom of citizens to access and run applications and content. With regard to standardisation we identify challenges such as the underlying telecommunications technologies, the presentation layer of social media, the data involved and the means of interacting with social media services. For the latter, we draw attention to the complex interplay between market leaders and their competitors and correspondingly between proprietary and open standards. We also present examples of the standardisation effort at two different international organisations, with differing missions. These are the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the World Wide Web Consortium, otherwise known as W3C. The former is a crisis response organisation, while the ...

No longer in its infancy, understanding the contributions of social media in crisis management is a fundamental requirement in the digital era. Starting in April 2013, the COSMIC project, funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme1, has focused on achieving four aims: ▪ To explore new and emerging communication technologies and applications, and provide insight into the most effective ways to use this media to promote the safety and security of citizens in crisis situations. ▪ To assist better communication and better information gathering for authorities and first responders. ▪ To examine the potential roles and ethics for citizen participation in emergency response. ▪ To produce guidelines that will assist authorities and first responders in deploying new and emerging communication technologies and applications to better protect citizens in crisis situations. As time has passed, partners have focused their efforts on desk-based research, as well as opportunities to engage with stakeholders through the use of interactive workshops with those involved in using and researching these tools. The project will culminate in a set of two guidelines: 1) Guidelines for citizens for the use of new media in crisis management and 2) Guidelines for governments and corporate actors for the use of new media in crisis management. Stemming from our research and activities during the project is a need to continue investigative efforts within this domain to ensure that as technologies and individual interactions with those technologies develop, so too does our understanding and skills to use them to enhance crisis management. Accordingly, this chapter contains recommendations for future research that will specifically focus on: 1. Considering how to further develop the COSMIC guidelines, particularly within future policy research 2. Understanding the public 3. Understanding public and private sector organisations 4. Understanding how crisis managers can further their use of social media to gain situational ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The current document provides the final guidelines for the Contribution of Social Media in Crisis Management (COSMIC) project. The guidelines aim to enhance the safety and security of citizens by supporting both citizens, and public authorities, in their use of social media to complement their crisis management efforts. The increased use of social media, in both day-to-day situations and during crisis situations has led to new opportunities with regard to crisis management. Within the current guidelines we refer to social media applications including: social networking sites, crowdsourcing applications, web-based tools and mobile applications where social media related techniques are incorporated. Advances in the use of these tools have led to barriers and challenges for the 'better use' of these tools by citizens and public organisations alike. Consequently, the COSMIC project has sought to support the 'best use' of social media during crises in a responsible and effective manner. To do so, COSMIC has developed a set of key principles, what we refer to as 'AID', to be followed: Acknowledging the fact that civil society can be trusted; Increasing the ability of civil society to take responsibility for further guarding its own well-being; Developing the capacities of public authorities for adapting to social media use by civil society. In accordance with the AID principles the COSMIC guidelines are split into two sets of tips and tricks for public authorities and for members of the public. By public authorities we mean those governmental organizations that carry a prime responsibility for crisis management as well as those organisations that do not focus on crisis management, but that have a responsibility for crisis management in their own domain (e.g., Civil Society Organisations). Although not within the focus of this first set of tips and tricks, other organizations that find themselves involved in crisis management activities will be able to use these tips and tricks as well. The second set ...